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Essential world atlas
\"This seventh edition ... highlights the best features of Oxford's atlas line in an affordable paperback format. Illuminating fundamental concepts in human geography, the 'Essential World Atlas' contains nearly one hundred pages of exceptionally crafted and easy-to-read maps covering the entire globe. In addition to maps of countries, continents, and oceans, dozens of metropolitan maps depict fascinatingly diverse modern urban spaces, with useful information for travelers about public transportation, city attractions, and more. Fully indexed, these maps reflect up-to-the-minute political and topographical changes with accuracy and clarity. Stunning satellite images leave a vivid impression of our world from above, while extensive supplementary materials, including world statistics tables and a completely revised section on 'The World in Focus' ensure that this edition remains essential\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Low-voltage electrostatic modulation of ion diffusion through layered graphene-based nanoporous membranes
Ion transport in nanoconfinement differs from that in bulk and has been extensively researched across scientific and engineering disciplines
. For many energy and water applications of nanoporous materials, concentration-driven ion diffusion is simultaneously subjected to a local electric field arising from surface charge or an externally applied potential. Due to the uniquely crowded intermolecular forces under severe nanoconfinement (<2 nm), the transport behaviours of ions can be influenced by the interfacial electrical double layer (EDL) induced by a surface potential, with complex implications, engendering unusual ion dynamics
. However, it remains an experimental challenge to investigate how such a surface potential and its coupling with nanoconfinement manipulate ion diffusion. Here, we exploit the tunable nanoconfinement in layered graphene-based nanoporous membranes to show that sub-2 nm confined ion diffusion can be strongly modulated by the surface potential-induced EDL. Depending on the potential sign, the combination and concentration of ion pairs, diffusion rates can be reversibly modulated and anomalously enhanced by 4~7 times within 0.5 volts, across a salt concentration gradient up to seawater salinity. Modelling suggests that this anomalously enhanced diffusion is related to the strong ion-ion correlations under severe nanoconfinement, and cannot be explained by conventional theoretical predictions.
Journal Article
Validation of a hierarchical algorithm to define chronic liver disease and cirrhosis etiology in administrative healthcare data
Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are leading causes of death globally with the burden of disease rising significantly over the past several decades. Defining the etiology of liver disease is important for understanding liver disease epidemiology, healthcare planning, and outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a hierarchical algorithm for CLD and cirrhosis etiology in administrative healthcare data.
Consecutive patients with CLD or cirrhosis attending an outpatient hepatology clinic in Ontario, Canada from 05/01/2013-08/31/2013 underwent detailed chart abstraction. Gold standard liver disease etiology was determined by an attending hepatologist as hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), alcohol-related, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/cryptogenic, autoimmune or hemochromatosis. Individual data was linked to routinely collected administrative healthcare data at ICES. Diagnostic accuracy of a hierarchical algorithm incorporating both laboratory and administrative codes to define etiology was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and kappa's agreement.
442 individuals underwent chart abstraction (median age 53 years, 53% cirrhosis, 45% HCV, 26% NAFLD, 10% alcohol-related). In patients with cirrhosis, the algorithm had adequate sensitivity/PPV (>75%) and excellent specificity/NPV (>90%) for all etiologies. In those without cirrhosis, the algorithm was excellent for all etiologies except for hemochromatosis and autoimmune diseases.
A hierarchical algorithm incorporating laboratory and administrative coding can accurately define cirrhosis etiology in routinely collected healthcare data. These results should facilitate health services research in this growing patient population.
Journal Article
Selecting costimulatory domains for chimeric antigen receptors: functional and clinical considerations
Costimulatory signals are required to achieve robust chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell expansion, function, persistence and antitumor activity. These can be provided by incorporating intracellular signalling domains from one or more T cell costimulatory molecules, such as CD28 or 4‐1BB, into the CAR. The selection and positioning of costimulatory domains within a CAR construct influence CAR T cell function and fate, and clinical experience of autologous anti‐CD19 CAR T cell therapies suggests that costimulatory domains have differential impacts on CAR T cell kinetics, cytotoxic function and potentially safety profile. The clinical impacts of combining costimulatory domains and of alternative costimulatory domains are not yet clearly established, and may be construct‐ and disease‐specific. The aim of this review is to summarise the function and effect of established and emerging costimulatory domains and their combinations within CAR T cells.
This review summarises the use of distinct chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) costimulator domains in cancer immunotherapy. We outline the individual characteristics of costimulator domains in CAR T cell function in preclinical and clinical studies.
Journal Article
IS Strategic Planning for Operational Efficiency
The purpose of this article is to argue that, despite the constant economic upheaval and incessant technological changes, strategic planning for information systems is still a useful and critically important exercise for all organizations. Eight tenets for successful IS planning are identified from prior literature and then \"tested\" with two case studies in which operational efficiency is the strategic IS goal. One of the unexpected findings is that a high-level written plan is not a requirement if the IS objectives clearly target a specific operational objective of the business. The paper also introduces the notion of exploitation and exploration strategies-the former is best when operational efficiency is sought and the latter is needed when competitive advantage is the primary goal.
Journal Article
أفلام في قصص : مجموعة قصصية
يضم الكتاب ثلاث قصص طويلة مترجمة، واثنتين قصيرتين، منهم الذبابة لـ جورج لانجيلان ترجمة محمد عبد العزيز، ميمنتو لـ جوناثان نولان ترجمة محمد عبد العزيز، جميعكم أيها الموتى الأحياء لـ روبرت هينلاين ترجمة محمد الدواخلي، الحارس لـ آرثر سي كلارك ترجمة نادر أسامة، حيث شكلت الأعمال السابقة مصدر وحي لأعمال سينمائية عديدة، تنوعت بين الخيال العلمي والرعب، ومرفق بكل قصة مقال إنبطاعي عن الفيلم المستوحى منها، ومدى إشتباكه مع النص الأصلي.
Book
Challenges in determining minor head trauma risks in patients on DOACs
[...]there is a continued trend towards prescribing DOACs in place of warfarin for those with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction due to positive safety data in spontaneous bleeding, but the safety profiles for non-traumatic bleeding cannot necessarily apply to traumatic bleeds who may be at further risk of hemorrhage with increased drug exposure and traumatic coagulopathy [2]. [...]not identifying dosing strategies for the agents evaluated is of concern given that there are theoretically different drug exposures with the various regimens. Additionally, these patients are hyperdynamic and one isolated, non-specific, or insensitive coagulation test upon admission may not accurately reflect the true nature of a TBI patient's hemostasis profile. Since Xa levels were not drawn it cannot be stated that coagulopathy risk factor was secondary to DOACs themselves or progression of disease and therefore inherently flaws the findings from this data set.
Journal Article